Causes and Effect of Poverty Essay

The level of poverty, causes and effects on the Educational sector as well as academic performance of students within the Nigeria is worrisome. Poverty, which forms a specific culture and way of life, is a growing issue in Nigeria. The number of Nigerians living in poverty is continually increasing; hence its effects on students performance. This research focuses on the causes and effects of poverty on the academic performance of pupils in primary school, using primary school within Pankshin Local Government as a case study. To create a comprehensive overview of the study and data collection, both primary and secondary methods were used. The primary method includes the questionnaire while secondary method includes books, articles, results and academics performance of students between 2005 – 2011. Questionnaires were distributed among three (3) randomly chosen primary schools, and the returned questionnaires were collated, analysed and interpreted. The results showed that majority of students in primary schools studied have parents who are living below poverty line subsequently, this affects their performance in school as a result of lack of income. Moreover, majority of the students whose parents are below poverty line have reported cases of different diseases which lead to absenteeism. Lastly, it was observed that some students dropout as a result of inability to pay tuition fees. This research hereby recommends that Government should team up with private bodies to make as well implement policies to reduce poverty. Finally, teachers are advised to inculcate teaching techniques that will help students understand the subject easily in order to perform well.

The practice of nursing research: appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence Essay

Nursing Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reliable sources are very crucial in the health care sector since they help students to stay updated as well as enhancing their success in their classes. Relevant sources include websites, books, appropriate publications as well as online library. An effective research requires the student to define the topic, identification of concepts, and selection of relevant sources. Prior to any research, students should assess the reliability of sources and examine the sources to be used for specific tasks. Students can easily identify dubious materials by comparing multiple sources as their search approach. Therefore, they will be able to evaluate the worth of the information. The rationale of this paper is to describe appropriate use of wisdom continuum in nursing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Access to updated, accurate and pertinent information is increasingly becoming crucial for the nurses to adopt evidence-based practice and ensure their knowledge is updated. Nurses use different information sources to realize their information requirements. The main question to be addressed in this paper is why it is vital to consider the clinical resolution making situation, when exploring the approaches that nurses connect with research based information. It is also crucial to consider the rapport between the usefulness and accessibility of date from distinct sources and the verdict made regarding the information. It may be argued that for people to persuade the nurses to effectively employ research evidence when making clinical decisions, they must acknowledge the rapport between verdict from the nurses and the data that enlightens them (Solomon, 2010).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Evidence-based decision making entails combining the information that crop up from patient choices, clinical expertise, and research facts within the framework of accessible resources. When making decisions, nurses choose from discrete range of alternatives (Thompson, 2004). The process of employing clinical judgment involves making decision from informed choices by evaluating the accessible data. Nurses should give appropriate weight to research evidence depending on its external and internal legitimacy. Integrating research facts into decision making involves composing a strategic clinical question regarding certain information need, evaluating the most appropriate information to solve that need, proper scrutiny of the obtained data, integrating the information into a plan, and weighing up the impact of the actions and decisions taken (Polit & Beck, 2010).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Decision making based on the information is a dogmatic method to making choices of how speculation can be employed to advance decision making. The central point is: how nurses utilize research based data in decision making? Little studies have been carried on this topic, apart from research that utilizes data from self report information from nurses as a basis of facts. Self report should not be considered as chief source of information to fill the gaps in support of ideal clinical observation and in-depth interviews, which nurses consider superior to address frequencies and types of varied decisions and practical information use (Polit & Beck, 2010). The major challenge of researching how individuals respond to inadequate evidence is that it is hard to identify the inadequacy of the needs. Researchers can only hypothesize nurses’ behavior by watching them or about what they say, since information need only subsist in the psyche of the person with the need. The need cannot be alienated from the intentions of evidence seeking actions. In developing motives, people make choices from values and beliefs that had formerly contented information requirements (Melnyk & Overholt, 2011).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For proponents of fact based judgment making, the fundamental purpose for involving research based facts is to cut down uncertainty in clinical field. This implies that appropriate research increases the probability that the decision taken will give desired results. In some cases, new data can also elucidate or confirm present data, values and beliefs. Forms of clinical resolutions that nurses make offer an idea on how research information can help in decision making. Decisions are significant framework for utilization of information. The decisions that nurses are required make are work related, how they view their clinical duty, autonomy in operation, and the extent to which they believe they are influential and active decision makers. Nurses face decision complexity because of the following factors. Firstly, due to diverse and multiple decision objectives. Secondly, due to time constrain in decision making. Third, the conflicting decisio n aspects. Nurses face different challenges in decision making, since they have to make appropriate decision based on code of ethics. For a nurse to make appropriate decision making, rely on whether the decision lies within the continuum. The decision made also depend on the form of task appearance, the uncertainty of the task and the intricacy of the task. However, familiarity of a decision is not adequate to determine the form of reasoning involved (Burns & Grove, 2009).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, it is vital to understand the link between the decision to be made by the nurse and the facts that enlighten them. Nurses use different information sources to realize their information requirements. Nurses should assign weight to the research evidence depending on its interior and exterior validity. The major challenges that face the nurse are the fact that it is not easy to recognize the information needs. Information need is linked to the motive of the nurse, thus nurses must be focused as they make their decisions. Decisions are crucial framework for the nurses especially for information use. References Burns, N., & Grove, S. K. (2009). The practice of nursing research: appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (6th ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Saunders/Elsevier. Evidence-Based Nursing. (n.d.). ebn. Retrieved September 9, 2014, from http://ebn.bmj.com/content/7/3/68.long Melnyk, B. M., & Overholt, E. (2011). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: a guide to best practice (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2010). Essentials of nursing research: appraising evidence for nursing practice (7th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Solomon, J. (2010). New look Evidence-Based Nursing. Evidence-Based Nursing, 13(1), 2-2. Thompson, C. (2004). Nurses, Information Use, And Clinical Decision Making–the Real World Potential For Evidence-based Decisions In Nursing. Evidence-Based Nursing, 7(3), 68-72. Source document

Diversity Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Diversity Management - Essay Example This discussion stresses that different types of discrimination reflect the aspects which were mentioned while exploring the notion of diversity. In other words, a person can be discriminated again because of featuring a particular characteristic. For example, a company may be willing to employ young employees since they have a better physical condition, are generally better at adopting new technology and can find common language with the clients. With this in mind, some employers might be willing to dismiss employees only because they are â€Å"too old†. As the paper states the people who belong to the majority provide the employees who represent the minority with worse working conditions and do not allow them to be promoted. In spite of the fact that there is no explicit mentioning that a person who qualify for promotion should belong to a particular race, it becomes obvious that some races receive better jobs and others – do not. A similar situation in a pharmacy sto re in the United State: the African American employees were often assigned to less desirable stores and had to work in conditions that were worse than their white counterparts. As one can clearly see the employer did not want the people from a different race to be successful on the job. Another example is found in the UK with a police office of colour being denied of promotion for racist reasons. Nowadays, the equality of genders is something that is being widely promoted and is supported by the applicable legislation. In spite of the fact that a gender gap exists, it is closing slowly, but surely.

The traditional model of public administration Essay

The traditional model of public administration - Essay Example The characteristics of this bureaucratic state were set out most clearly by the German sociologist Max Weber in 1920, with strong echoes of earlier writings by the American Woodrow Wilson (Hughes, 1998): Further refinement of the traditional model of public administration came through the application of private sector based ideas of 'scientific management', which introduced efficient operational methods based on standardization of tasks, 'one best way' of fitting workers to tasks, and systematic control of tasks, processes, and workers (Hughes, 1998,33-34). These principles were easily adapted to bureaucratic structures. A final addition to the traditional model was the application of the insights of social psychology, in a 'human relations' approach which is often contrasted with the scientific management approach, but in practice sought to achieve greater efficiency of performance too, though by paying attention to the need to motivate workers rather than merely control and direct them (Hughes, 1998, 35-6). Unfortunately,Unfortunately, the ideal bureaucracy model had never happened in the real life. The critique of the traditional model is based in a comparison of the 'ideal' model of bureaucracy with what happens in real systems of public administration. The following differences can be identified: i. In many systems there is no clear separation between policy and administration, either in terms of decision-making processes or the respective roles of administrators and politicians, which are often fused together. ii. Decision-making processes do not, in any case, conform to the rules of technical and economic rationality, but are affected and shaped by processes of conflict, negotiation and exchange between interests both internal and external to the state bureaucracy iii. Hierarchy and centralization combine with a formal, sometimes slavish adherence to rules and procedures to produce defects (or bureaucratic

Castle Bingo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Castle Bingo - Essay Example The concern is on the two types of the customer that is off line based on attending clubs and on line gamers based on internet and their web sites. The findings from the research are that Castle Bingo online web site concentrates on the information based on the club information. The current location for the main club is favored mostly especially on the by the focusing groups but their experience is expected towards the current location of the sites for the new facilities. The main concern is that the offline and online castle leisure is to focus on the effective marketing research program. Clearly, there is a feeling of the focus group members that the current contract of leisure in problem. This is perceived from the work against all the sports for all the members and the promotion including the management which is mostly concerned with the targeting group. Improving the quality of the on going centers in better location would encourage the current users on the improvement on effective marketing programs though these issues would be addressed in the management teams. Most of the people urge that the council should use its funding including the tax from the councils to provide sports and other services in order to make the marketing research effective and efficiency. The decisions of the managers in Castle Bingo are based on the benefits of the company as a whole but not on the side of the individuals. Castle leisure researches interviewed a representative samples targeting 1000 people from the city using an agreed questionnaire. The studies were concerned with 10 locations for researcher where by the sample sizes were formulated: The following analysis reefers to the total sample of 1020 including the sub groups of the sample based on the location of the interview, age and sex. This usually means that concern is on the basis of justifying the analysis of at least 50 though the

What is the significance of 'The Orphan' with reference to Charles Essay

What is the significance of 'The Orphan' with reference to Charles Dickens' David Copperfield, George Elliot's Daniel Deronda and Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre - Essay Example Many had lost only one parent, others were abandoned or neglected, perhaps for reasons of penury, and many were illegitimate and marginalized. Victorian times showed no compassion towards children who had no control over their parentage. (Banerjee ibid). Orphans were very often homeless and vulnerable, prey to criminals who used them for their own abusive purposes, turning innocent children into hardened thieves (Sadrin 1994). Those who were the hardiest managed to survive, ‘...hungry, roaming singly or in packs like young wolves, snatching, stealing, stone-throwing, destructive, brutish, and cruel when not merely hopeless and lost.’ (Roe 27) There were thousands, and they came into contact with most inhabitants of large British cities, so it was inevitable that they would enter the literature of the day. Authors such as Dickens, Eliot, and Brontà « were joined by Charles Kingsley, who wrote The Water Babies, Thomas Hughes, who wrote Tom Brown’s Schooldays, Mrs. Gaskell, who wrote John Halifax, Gentleman, and there is of course George Eliot’s other novel, Silas Marner, among many others. So much so, that even modern day works such as Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince give us hints of Victorian influence in characters such as Lord Voldemort, and Mrs. Cole, who seems to be modeled on Dickens’ Mrs. Thingummy in Oliver Twist, who was also an orphan and lived in an institution. (Washick 2009) Charles Dickens did not only use his own childhood as a background for David Copperfield, but described the whole pervasive atmosphere and environment which was London in his early experience and that of all its inhabitants of the time. Little Davy in the novel endures hardship and penury - not only his own, but that of others around him, because he had no father - and he takes it as a matter of course that he and his mother are treated badly. His whole personality is saturated with the rigors of practical ‘making-do’, which

Effective Treatment for Incarcerated Addicts Research Paper

Effective Treatment for Incarcerated Addicts - Research Paper Example In this report we will look into the effective ways to control the addiction the ways to prevent it in future. Today in United States, there are around seven to eight million people who are suffering with the problem of drug or alcohol addictions. The problem is constantly increasing day by day. Several forms of measure are taken to stop them from this addiction. One measure which is popular and considered ethical is the idea of home confinement of the addict. The offenders are allowed to stay with their family under their supervision and control. They are popularly called as ‘incarcerated addicts’. Our topic of discussion is the effective modes of treatment for the incarcerated addicts. The level of supervision accomplished by offenders living in the group relies on upon the supervision obliged or commanded, and the accessibility and utilization of projects in their general vicinity. Some live in shelter and others weigh in day by day at a day reporting focus. Some send in report structures once a month and hear nothing from their overseeing officers if there has been no change of location or vocation. Others are gone to at their spot of work and arbitrarily give pee inspects that are tried to guarantee the offender is remaining drug and alcohol free. An assortment of group amendments programs has been created, on account of innovative developments that give an additional measurement of overseeing and responsibility for offenders living in the group. This paper takes a look at two of these projects: home confinement and drug medication. It tries to answer those inquiries most often raised about the projects, the advances that help them, and the issues that encompass them, so policymakers can gage how best to utilize home confinement and medicine to build open wellbeing and diminish the danger of re-culpable. In this talk the expression "offender" is utilized to portray somebody who may be some time or another in the criminal equity framework: from those accused of an offense and anticipating trial to the individuals who have as of recently been sentenced, and are serving all or some piece of their sentences in the group. Both home confinement and drug and alcohol medication may be a state of pretrial discharge, of probation or a piece of a master gram that permits early discharge from penitentiary.

Social networking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social networking - Essay Example This article starts with the definition of social networking and discusses impact of social networking sites on the personality of individuals. This article discusses that; Some people have ineffective social skills in person and grow dependence on social networking sites to compensate for loneliness ; Conflict at home can result in an addiction to more impersonal interactions on a social network ;Addiction to social networking may be caused by an individual's lack of self esteem ;Because social networking is so common, young people may simply copy their peers' behavior. Discussion is concluded with findings about the issues. Social networking is defined as follows ; ( Web -What Is Social Networking?  ) â€Å"Social networking is the grouping of individuals into specific groups, like small rural communities or a neighborhood subdivision, if you will. Although social networking is possible in person, especially in the workplace, universities, and high schools, it is most popular on line. This is because unlike most high schools, colleges, or workplaces, the internet is filled with millions of individuals who are  looking to meet other people, to gather and share first-hand information  and experiences about cooking, golfing,  gardening,  Ã‚  developing friendships  or  professional alliances, finding employment, business-to-business  marketing and even groups sharing information about the end of the Mayan calendar and the Great Shift to arrive December 21-2012. The topics and interests are as varied and rich as the story of our world. When it comes to online social networking, websites are commonly used. These websites are known as social sites. Social networking websites function like an online community of internet users. Depending on the website in question, many of these online community members share common interests in hobbies, religion, or politics. Once you are granted access to a social networking website you can begin to socialize. This socialization may include reading the profile pages of other members and possibly even contacting them.† Some people have ineffective social skills in person and grow dependent on social networking sites to compensate for loneliness. It has been generally observed that in effective social skills may persist in off line and online communication. (Web-Newsweek ) â€Å"There are more than 300 million people in the United States, and sometimes it seems like all are friends on Facebook. However, the sad truth is that Americans are lonelier than ever. Social isolation in all adults has been linked to a raft of physical and mental ailments, including sleep disorders, high blood pressure, and an increased risk of depression and suicide Studies have shown that loneliness can cause stress levels to rise and can weaken the immune system. Lonely people also tend to have less healthy lifestyles, drinking more alcohol, eating more fattening food, and exercising less than those who are not lonely. Some of the most profound loneliness can happen when other people are present. People tend to measure themselves against others, feeling particularly alone in communities where social connection is the norm. That is why collectivist cultures, like those in Southern Europe, have higher levels of loneliness than individualist cultures. For the same reason, isolated individuals feel most acutely alone on holidays like Christmas Eve or

Strategic management of Samsung Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic management of Samsung - Essay Example While the company has diversified into several areas, it is still working hard to maintain market leadership in its core business. It was ranked first in the television industry according to its market share. Furthermore, the organisation enjoyed similar rankings in the mobile segment owing to its investment in smart phones. Despite all this, rivalry in the telecom business has put Samsung under intense financial stress. It may be leading in the industry but has lost some market share (Refer to appendix 2 on the situational analysis) when cable firms entered the touchtone phone, TV and PC market. Some of the new innovations from the company are more flexible than previous products. For instance, Samsung’s version of the Android device is more compatible with current software in the market. Market leaders like Apple are worried about this capability because their products lack the same features. Furthermore, the company now uses second mover advantage to address the flaws that were inherent in older products. It has worked on features such as security to make its devices stand out (Reed, 2013). The organisation has a reputation for innovation across new and existing product segments. In the year 2012, it recruited several researchers and innovators. This translated to the registration of over 5,000 patents in that year. For these reasons, the company got the first runner up position in the top US patented companies. Samsung has garnered a series of awards for its impressive performance. In Europe, it got four awards from EISA, which is an award program for audio and video industry players (Samsung, 2013). In theory, companies may also adopt a green strategy option that depends on technology, carbon use, and consumer recycling patterns among others (Kipley et. al., 2012). Samsung received recognition from the best Global Brands portfolio as it was ranked 9th in the industry. The latter achievement stemmed from its sponsorship of the London 2012 Olympics. O ther corporate sponsorship initiatives have also been on the organisation’s priority list. The firm’s commitment to corporate social responsibility is undisputed. It engages in a recycling program within its manufacturing sites. This move is in line with current environmental preferences for clean manufacture (Refer to appendix 5 on PESTLE analysis). Furthermore, it has committed to environmental protection by avoiding PVCs and other harmful materials (Guardian, 2012).These approaches may also give a company sustainable advantage according to green strategy theorists. Production within the company is also something worth noting. Samsung manages to keep its production costs down due to its choice of manufacturing centres. Since the firm is Asian-based, it is at a unique position to select cheap countries for manufacture. This has caused it to enjoy comfortable profit margins that emanate from controlled production costs. The global nature of the firm makes it poised to make such a choice. Operation costs have also been kept down by the organisation’s strong bargaining power. The company has considerable clout over its suppliers in the semiconductor, mobile phone and television set industries. This allows it to negotiate with such brands and thus establish lucrative ways of dealing with the differences. The latter move may be defined as cost leadership. Michael Porter identified certain generic strategies that companies may engage in, and cost leadership is one of them (Porter, 2008). Here, organisations reduce their

Abigail Williams Questions Essay Example for Free

Abigail Williams Questions Essay Abigail Williams used her manipulative skills to get her way and create hysteria in the town of Salem. 1. Why did Abigail flee Salem? She knows soon she will be questioned for the death of Goody Nurse and John 2. Why does Abigail admit to witchcraft? She knows she can get rid of her enemies by blaming them for witchcraft too 3. How is Abigail a hypocrite? She says she loves god in act 1 but she fuels the witch trials and is seen like a devil-like character 4. Why did Abigail want the charm to hurt Elizabeth Proctor? She wanted to have John to herself 5. How is Abigail related to Parris? She is he the niece 6. How did Abigail blame Elizabeth Proctor for poppet? She sticks a needle in herself and says Elizabeth used witchcraft with the doll 7. Why does Abigail think she is a woman and not a kid? Because of her affair with John 8. Why does Abigail do witchcraft? To get back the love of John 9. How is Abigail manipulative in the crucible? Since she is a child she is good at acting like she is innocent 10. How is Abigail selfish? She wanted John all to herself and will do anything to get him 11. How does Abigail change in the story? She acts like a innocent girl but turns into a evil and manipulative girl and then becomes a thief 12. Why does Abigail accuse others for witchcraft? She knew if she accused others she could get out of being blamed 13. Why does Abigail accuse Tituba for what happened in the woods? She is afraid to confess to her sins, her reputation is already ruined because of the affair 14. How does Abigail trick Danforth? She says there is a yellow bird but he can’t see it so he thinks she is possessed 15. Why does Abigail hate Elizabeth? Elizabeth kicked her out so no one else wanted to hire her because of the incident. How does Abigail use her manipulative skills? To what end does she use them and why does she use them in that way? How do they bring about the hysteria in Salem?

Importance Of Time Management And Teamwork

Importance Of Time Management And Teamwork Personal development is very useful and influence people to be success. Personal development means activities which can improve the self-knowledge and identity. It also develops the talents and potential in order to support human development at the individual level in an organization. Besides that, personal development can identify the strengths and development needs. It also is an importance for managers which can let them know which parts employee need to develop their personal awareness and skills. In this assignment, it will through four questions to perform my personal development. Everyone have different personal experience, but most of the things we can remember are those unforgettable things. One of the things was happened during my learning in the university in china. In that time, I just graduated from senior middle school, and as a new student join into the university. In class, I join the evidence match for monitor and identified with classmates, and I become my class monitor. Soon or later, I joined my department student council. In the student council, the hardest thing was to arrange my study time and activity time. Every day we got a full time study, from morning to afternoon and then, we even got a night study. The left time just used for entertainment and council work. Our work was to make show to present our department feature, and some evidence among the different departments. I usually feel time is not enough, without study, there have some class things need to do and help my coordinator to control my class. And I need to join the student counci l activities. The competition is strong. Through the life is busy, Im happy. The thing was cause by a school department ending year meeting. All the departments in school would join and got an evaluation by school president. And in this time, I would get my exam soon, Im a bit worry about exam and Our council got a big challenge because most of tasks we need to do. I was arranged to lead and teamwork with other five people to gather information and work to make a report for a presentation. My senior told me a lot of attentions for my working because this speech is very important. But in that time, I was in bad temper, I ignore what he said. I thought I understand what he said and my computer operation skills were good enough. I also think I can do the thing with not a hurry, the team was surplus. I arrange many work for them, just left me some easy one. This was the first time I did not fair things for my teammates. Through the different media tools, I found the information and I finished my work before council arrangement. I was so happy and proud because I finished the work, but unfortunately, the result is not good. When my senior check my PPT he got a cry, he was very disappoint for our work, because I ignored many attentions he told to me, and I not told my team. It was t he last day, and he help us to correct our mistake in a hurry night. From this things, I start to get a change, tell myself to do things seriously, if I perfunctorily to finish, it is waste others times and myself times. What have you learnt about yourself thorough these experiences? Everyday we can get different experiences and from these experiences we can learn several of knowledge and it makes us growth. Through this event, I learned a lot and everything not just like what I think going. For myself by the thing, I recognize that I got some problem in my working pattern. The basic I dont have a good hearing behavior to take care the attention problem, it will cause a bad result. A good hearing is respect to other, and it will let opposite know you are well bred. With in the student council and work as a monitor I find time is hard to control and it pass very fast. To get a good time management is very important. Everyone no matter busy or lazy just only have 24hours a day, or 1440minutes. No matter how to use it, it will run away from us. During I work in the student council, I found it hard to use time with my personal entertainment. If I want after work get a play, it will influence the next day study. I understand a good time management is very important. I use a paper to calculate my spend time in a day and know which parts I worse the time. I get a schedule to do good arrangement of my time, I put study first, then use the free time like time before lunch and after class time to deal with the council work and coordinators work. Then the left night time I can share with my friends for entertainment or get a over time for student council, with this arrangement, I not lose any friends and get a good work in my class and student council. The other things I learn are it is important to use your team to finish the work. Teamwork is very important. One persons power cannot bigger than the group. It is important to know each others advantage and disadvantage, and then do an appropriate arrangement. In the student council, I find no matter do what things there always get a meeting. The meetings talk always makes a thing more depth to consider. If just let me to do it, I think my ignorance and arrogant will make me fail. With the work, I find one important weak. I need to develop my leadership. Stress management skill is one of the important skills of the leadership. Stress management required to maintain control and stability. To maintain a team success, the leader must be calm and various consider. For myself, I always feel lose if the work heavier than I can afford when I am a team leader. It also called lack-confidence. With to development this skill, I start to learn the SMART strategy. How have you developed your skills during the practice of management skills module? The practice of management skills is not like other subjects only have theory and calculation, it showed us something we need and can used in our life and study. Our lecturer provides the chance to have us improve our management skills systemic for several weeks. Through the study, I recognize different parts like importance of active listening and giving verbal feedback, time management, teamwork and good presentations and make a C.V. are real useful for my life. During the session active listening, I know a guy who dont listen others and later he got problem. And this story vividly told me the importance to understand others speaking. It has a direct influence to me. Through I laugh the guy in video I recognize I also do the same mistake. I find it is important to change the bad habit. A good listener should listen and responding the other by observes the other persons behavior and body language. And we need to give respect to the speaker no matter what he says good or not, and then we can get good communication with each other. Factors which contribute to active listening: A relaxed but alert posture Frequent eye contact Feedback to speaker Checking understanding Avoiding expressions of judgment During the time management, we do a calculation for one days time and be aware of time is really important and no matter how you spend your time, it still will go over. A good time management can help me reducing stress, gaining time, reducing avoidance, promoting reviews and eliminating cramming. Another advantage is managing time helps us to stay motivated while we avoid procrastination. A good start from how you arrange your time, the time management is really a important session for me to learn. During the teamwork study, class separate as several parts and choose one leadership to lead to use creativity to match. The different person works in the team help me understand how teamworks important and suitable use it will have a good result. During the good presentations, I learn how to make a good presentation. To do a good effective presentation, firstly need to formulate strategy for specific audience, secondly to develop a clear structure, thirdly, support the points with evidence. Then combine the ideas with an enhancing presentation style. To do better, you must good preparation and practice, practice and practice. A good presentation is very useful in my life, obviously, it is a useful session in my study. During make a C.V. I really got a clear understand about how to write a C.V. in before through I want write a C.V., I dont know the form to write .with the session learning, I get a correct thought to write my C.V. a good C.V. should not be long, it need short and enough, can exhibited your feature. To understand this is very important and avoid fail in the working way. Through our textbook not heavy and every session is simple, and not many lectures for PMS, I think I got a good unstinting about it, every lesson is marrow and after class I can find what I doing is not enough and wrong, it help me get a good check for myself. The class is vivid and emotion and I very enjoy the learning atmosphere. How will you develop this skill? Napoleon said He who doesnt want to be a general isnt a good soldier. For the student, who do not want to success in the future? I m one of these want success in the future. So I need to have a good development to operate myself. I have a lot of defects, like not calm, hurry to be success. It needs a clear goal, just like SMART goals. The SMART goals include: Specific A specific goal is much greater chance of being accomplished than a general goal. Understand the specific goal ,I need to know who involved and what I want to accomplish. Get more detail like location and time schedule and with a clear reasons or purposes. For example, a general goal would be finish my homework but a specific goal would be finish the homework at home by three days with five books for references Measurable It establishes concrete criteria for measuring progress toward the attainment of each goal you set. When I want to measure my progress,, I will ask myself the question such as when can finish ,how to accomplish . Give me a target time, and experience the exhilaration of achievement to reach my goal. Attainable When I identify the goal is most important, I try to figure out way I can make it come true. I try to develop my skills, abilities and attitudes to get it. Realistic The goal must represent an objective toward which I can work and willing to work. Try to keep myself get a good conditions. Some of hard work I can finish because I get the exhilaration which I love it and can do it simple Timely It is a goal should be grounded within a time schedule. If with no time schedule, there is no sense of urgency. A good timely will help you set your unconscious mind into motion to begin working on the goal. From this, I start my action from now. my action planning is to get clear goal and make everyday useful. I learning the session from lecturer like time management, stress management, teamwork, and I think I will mix mum them together to arrangement my life, and make me feel enough per day. No matter what I do the thing, I will consider its smart goals and give me a detail specific method to finish it. Conclusion In my assignment, I represent my experience of the study in university and work in student council and class. From the experience, I recognized the importance of time management and teamwork. I identified that stress management is a weakness for me especially some activity make me stress. I also emphasized the important learning from my session and these learning are very important and strong influence for my life. At last, I get how to develop my skill and my action planning. And I think with this preparing, my personal development will have a large growth.

The Baroque Period Essay -- Music Western Music Baroque Essays

The Baroque Period The Baroque Period (1600-1750) was mainly a period of newly discovered ideas. From major new innovations in science, to vivid changes in geography, people were exploring more of the world around them. The music of the baroque period was just as extreme as the new changes. Newly recognized composers such as Bach, Handel, Vivaldi, and Monteverdi were writing entirely new musical ideas and giving a chance for new voices to be heard that were normally not thought of sounds. Their musical legacy is still recognized today, and is a treasured discovery of outstanding compositions being reiterated with every performance of them. Baroque which came from the French word barroque and the Portuguese word barroco originally meant deformed and misshaped. In a sense baroque is an appropriate term to describe this new for of ideas in time. On the other hand, no real word can describe the richness of this time period. Baroque music, just like any other music, reflects the time period that it was written in. The baroque era opened with the Thirty Years War, which included the siege of Vienna by the Turks in 1683, and ended with the development of independent nation states throughout Europe. The face of Europe was completely changed during the baroque period. Most music in the baroque era ended up being predominantly vocal, and its biggest factors were the opera and its styles. Most composers of the baroque period shared the same ideas of how their music should...

British War :: essays research papers

!! YOU ARE THERE !!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most important event in U.S. History in my opinion would be Washington’s escape from the British Army at New York. This event changed the course of U.S. History because it was the closest the movement for freedom came to being crushed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It all started when Washington and his army were waiting for the British on Long Island. He expected the British to launch a full frontal assault. He did not look at his flanks, and was heavily dug in. This would be where the U.S. defeated the British for good, or died trying.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Unfortunately the British did not come up the front; they instead launched a small frontal attack while sending men to the flank. Washington’s army curled up, they had no place to go, and this was the end for the United States. Somehow though the British didn’t press the attack and Washington managed to slip off the island at night without the Red Coats seeing him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I chose the battle of Long Island because it was where America was saved from the brink of disaster. If Washington had failed to get the Army off at night, or the British had pressed the attack, poof, no America. It may have not been the bloodiest, it may not have been the most exciting, but it certainly was the most important date in American History   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In my opinion Samual Adams was the most important man in American history. There may be a lot of men that are better known, but they all came because of the great rabble-rouser himself. Without men like Sammy there would have been no American Revolution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Boston Samual Adams was one of the influential people that started the Son’s of Liberty. Without them nobody would have stolen the ballast from a British ship, or raided Fort William-Mary. If those hadn’t been stolen the British would have never marched on Lexington and Concord, and the Revolutionary war would not have happened.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Maybe he was a man of coincidence, or maybe he knew what he was doing, but however you look at it Sam Adams was a big part in America gaining its independence.

How to Work at Subway :: Process Essays

How to Work at Subway The only thing required to hold a decent job is a little responsibility. Any person who can communicate in English and perform physical activities should be able to hold a job. This is the case at Subway. A person needs no more extra skills to be employed there than one can learn in two days. However, failure to demonstrate responsibility will lead to unemployment. Showing up for work on time is the first thing that a person has to do if working at Subway. When a person goes to work, he or she must be dressed in proper uniform. This includes a Subway brand shirt and hat, a black apron, and black pants (or Subway brand shorts). Anyone who is smarter than a brick can follow these simple rules. Failure tocomply with such easy instructions will result in joblessness. It is indeed amazing that anyone could get fired for demonstrating such a complete lack of dependability. Yet they do. The next and most obvious task one must perform at Subway is the making of sandwiches (plus salads and wraps, but let's not get too elaborate). The first step for making a tasty hoagie is finding out what type of bread the customer wants (typically white or wheat). Next, the employee must ask how large the loaf will be (six or twelve inches). After the initial bread information is gathered, one may commence cutting. Simply slice the entire length of the bread, but do not cut all the way through, to create a hinge effect. The entrà ©e is then ready to be dressed. There is a specific order to the ingredients placed on a Subway sub, which must be adhered to unless the customer requests otherwise. The cheese goes on the sub first. Then the meat (obviously the meat is excluded for vegetarian subs) is placed on top of the cheese. Sauces such as mustard and mayonnaise go above the meat. Vegetables go on next. The order to prompt a person for "veggies" is: hot or mild peppers; pickles, peppers, olives; lettuce, onion, tomato. Finally on the layer of vegetables are applied the other condiments: oil, vinegar, salt, pepper. The lid to the sandwich is situated on top. If the comestible is of the foot-long variety, then it is cut in half before serving. Finally, the edible piece of art is wrapped in paper and delivered to the customer.

Language and Communication Development Essay

When working in a school, especially pre-school or primary school, it is important for us to identify and provide effective support and extend the speech, language and communication development for children during the early years (Burnham and Baker, 2011). This is so that they get the best chance to develop these skills and avoid struggle later in life. There are a number of ways in which adults can effectively support and extend speech, language and communication development in children during early years. Firstly, it is important for us to adapt our language according to the child’s age, needs and abilities. Some children who have English as a second language may require us to point to objects (www.earlylearningconsultancy.co.uk). For example, when we are speaking to babies or toddlers, we would simplify the sentences for them to understand, whereas the older the children we can begin to use harder sentences. For example, when handing out cookies, to a child who is 1 or 2 years of age we may hold out a cookie and say the word, whereas to an older children we would say â€Å"Would you like a cookie?†. Secondly; we must give children the time and opportunity to communicate. It is important to give children time to think about what has been said to them and if they don’t answer straight away we must be patient and not answer for them (www.earlylearningconsultancy.co.uk). Some children may require us to sounds them out but then we must get them to copy and blend the sounds together whilst giving them time to process what we are telling them. As mentioned in (www.foundationyears.org.uk), other ways we can effectively support children and extend their speech, language and communicate may include: using simple repetitive language for familiar activities, comment on what children are doing in their play session, and we must try to expand what they say by adding a few words ourselves. For example a child might shout â€Å"Bus!† we should reply â€Å"That’s right, it’s a big, red bus.† Some children may find using visual clues and reminders very useful in helping them follow routine and learn new work and concepts (www.foundationyears.org.uk). We can use pictures of the children themselves  doing the activities, to represent different activities in the say as a visual timetable. These pictures can also be used to help children to choose activities. As mentioned in (www.earlylearningconsultancy.co.uk), we can also use modelling language which helps support children when words don’t sound clear. This includes giving them praise for trying them sating the word back to them, so if a child says ‘tar’ we can smile and say ‘yes, car, clever boy’. Interacting can also be playing games, reading and singing songs. Getting children engaged in books from an early age can help with their reading and writing skills and can extend their language skills and vocabulary (www.earlylearningconsultancy.co.uk). Singing simple songs and nursery rhymes develop children’s attention and listening skills and their awareness of rhymes and the word patterns. As mentioned in (www.earlylearningconsultancy.co.uk), play and activity encourage children to communicate and practise their communication skills as they will need to communicate with their playmates and others so it creates a situation where they can practice and develop their speech, language and communication skills.

Alchemy vs Chemistry Essay

Some people think that chemistry is just about mixing things up and experimenting in test tubes and explosions. Actually chemistry studies everything around us and how they change, for example it tells what your body is made out of. We study chemistry in biology, geology, engineering, and even physics. Chemistry is the science of matter, and how it changes and its chemical reactions, it’s also called as the central science ( the main one) because it connects physics with other sciences. Chemistry is important because it explains the world around you, it explains how food changes when you cook it and how it rots. Chemical reactions occur when you breathe, eat, or even setting down watching the T.V. Chemistry was discovered by a Greek man called Leucippus in the fifth century BC. He came up with the idea that the world was made up of atoms or voids. His student Democritus further refined this idea of the atom and improver the theory so it can make more sense. On the other hand m any people did not believe in chemistry and Democritus’ theory. Alchemy, it’s a form of chemistry that was studied in the middle ages, which was concentrating about trying to change a normal metal into gold. It’s the power to change or create things in a way which seems mysterious and magical. It also involves the discovery of panacea, and the proportions of the elixir of immortality and living forever. Aristotle was another Greek philosopher who had a completely different theory than the one with the atoms. He though that all matters are made up of four elements and they are: Air, Fire, Water and Earth. By physically manipulating the proportions of the elements, matter can be changed from one to another. This idea was known as transmutation, and the main goal of it is to transfer ordinary metal into gold. Aristotle did not have a proof for his theory However, because he was trusted and respected this idea has been for 2000 years even though they were wrong, and still until now there are some people who believe in alchemy and alchemists still exist. Some people think that chemistry and alchemy are the same, but they are different in many ways. First of all, alchemy rely a lot on the spiritual connections to the four elements and they are fire, water, earth and air while chemistry is a lot more logical, factual and scientific based. Second of all, chemistry is considered as science, while alchemy is not. Third of all, chemistry is more famous than alchemy and it’s a part of our modern society and we are used to it. Finally, chemistry makes more sense than alchemy and it does not risk our lives looking for the elixir like alchemy. Chemistry and alchemy does not only have differen ces, they also have some similarities. First of all, they all began as alchemy in the seventeenth century in the medieval Europe. Second of all, the both involve the natural elements which are now arranged on a periodic table. Third of all, they were both considered as science back then because people didn’t know who is right and who is wrong so they used them both as science. Finally, back in time the churches were against both of them because they thought that they used magic and proportions which what they are totally against.

Control Of Infectious Diseases Health And Social Care Essay

First, it is of import to understand the standard any disease needs to run into to be considered for obliteration. Miller ( 2006 ) has proposed two classs of scientific and economic factors relevant for for good disrupting transmittal of infective disease. The scientific factors include: the concatenation of transmittal must merely include worlds and pathogens doing the disease must non hold a natural reservoir, inoculations for the disease must confabulate long-run protection, the ecology of pathogen must be really good known and effectual research lab parturiency must be possible. Additionally, from economic facet investings into obliteration programme must pay off to pull investors and support ( Miller, 2006 ) . However, as Miller points out, any obliteration run is hazardous because at the start it is impossible to gauge if there is traveling to be adequate support and political support. Furthermore, the feasibleness of obliteration differs in developed and developing states due to overall wellness degree, political agitation, substructure and communicating services, and fiscal state of affairs ( Miller, 2006 ) . Thus, even if a disease meets the standards and can be a campaigner for obliteration it will non be guaranteed that obliteration attempts lead to success. Smallpox In the last 100 old ages at that place have been several efforts to eliminate different diseases. However, the merely successful obliteration run so far has been that of variola. Prior to eradication the eruptions of variola were frequent in many parts of the universe, nevertheless, by 1950 it was eradicated from most developed states ( Fenner, 1982 ) . The obliteration run of variola was announced by the World Health Organization ( WHO ) in 1967 ( Henderson, 1977 ) and it is one of the greatest success narratives of twentieth century medical specialty. Beginnings and features Smallpox is a terrible infective disease, caused by smallpox virus, which is a genetically stable DNA virus ( Nomoto et al, 2002 ) that spread from Asia to Europe and Africa at the beginning of Christian epoch ( Henderson, 1977 ) . There are two different types of variola, variola child and major, the latter being more unsafe with 30 % of decease rates ( WHO ) . The airborne smallpox virus ( Henderson, 1977 ) spread among worlds via inhaling and had an incubation period of 7-17 yearss, followed by terrible strivings, febrility and other flu-like symptoms that made the victims stay at their house, restricting the instances of variola into limited countries. Smallpox is contagious merely during the clip when victims have roseola, which develops on face and appendages. Rash is characteristic to smallpox and it is easy to name rather accurately. Peoples who have recovered from variolas have a womb-to-tomb unsusceptibility against the disease ( Henderson, 1977 ) . Vaccines and efficiency Smallpox does non hold any known intervention besides inoculation ( WHO ) . Before Collier developed heat-stable variola vaccinum in 1950s merely liquid vaccinums were available, which were restricted in their usage due to heat-sensitivity ( Henderson, 1977 ) . The new lyophilized vaccinum proved to be really efficient since merely one dosage had immediate effects and conferred durable unsusceptibility ( Arita et al, 2004 ) . In add-on ( Henderson, 1977 ) , the inoculation procedure itself was easy and the re-use of acerate leafs reduced the cost of inoculation. Most developed states were already immunizing people before the start of WHO run and had stopped the transmittal in their state ( Henderson, 1977 ) . The first enterprise to eliminate variolas came from Soviet Russia and the USA ; their proposal was approved by World Health Assembly ( WHA ) in 1966 and the WHO run officially began in 1968 ( Foege, 1998 ) . Reasons for successful obliteration First, smallpox met the standards of eradicable diseases and had several biological characteristics that facilitated its obliteration. Fenner ( 1982 ) suggested that the badness of the status, easy designation by people without medical makings or preparation, human to human transmittal, limited spread, the absence of perennial infectivity and the deficiency of animate being reservoir had a major impact on the obliteration attempt. Furthermore, the handiness of effectual heat-stable vaccinum that was either made by local authoritiess or donated made the vaccinum cheap and sustainable in different socio-environmental conditions ( Henderson, 1982 ) . Second, there was a strong political support for the run: all developed states that had already eradicated the disease had to do immense investings to keep the quarantine programmes and nation-wide immunisations because air-travelling could import variola from an endemic state and let go of the pathogen. Therefore, they had economic involve ment and motive to finance the obliteration elsewhere because if obliteration was certified in all states so the investings and inoculations could halt and so could all future disbursals related to smallpox ( Fenner, 1982 ) . Third, although the epidemiology of variola was of import to the obliteration attempt, the run might hold failed without the invariably bettering reporting-surveillance methods, prosecuting of local wellness workers and community members, and, near link between field workers and research labs to better the vaccinum ( Henderson, 1977 ) . Besides, the programme had strong cardinal leading yet it was really flexible and suited to the demands of each state, which finally led to success ( Henderson, 1977 ) . Finally, the obliteration run lasted merely 10 old ages, which is non drawn-out plenty to deter people in the feasibleness of the enterprise. The last endemic instance of variola occurred in 1977 in Somalia, and the last instance of smallpox transmittal took top ographic point in England in 1978 when smallpox virus was by chance released from a medical school lab ( Hull et al, 2001 ) . This incident points out possible jobs of incorporating viruses and forestalling them from doing new eruptions. The enfranchisement of smallpox obliteration was given in 1980, 2 old ages after the last instance of variola ( Arita et al, 2004 ) . Reverses and last attempts The success of smallpox obliteration does non intend that it was easy to accomplish. The plan struggled with logistic issues, deficiency of money and inconsistent political and social support ( Arita et al, 2006 ) . India and Ethiopia ( Fenner, 1982 ) were the last states where variola was endemic, nevertheless, the methods applied in these states proved to be really effectual. In 1973 in India the purposes of the plan changed from mass inoculation to surveillance and containment ; besides, seven-day hunts were carried out to observe new instances. Reward for describing a instance together with easy sensing helped to halt the transmittal by 1975, while at the start no 1 believed it was possible. Intensive run in Ethiopia started in 1971, where mountains, clime and spread population had hindered old inoculation attempts. Increasing the figure of wellness workers, WHO investings into bettering transit and house to house hunts helped to make more people populating in distant countries a nd led to the last reported instance in 1976 ( Fenner, 1982 ) . Therefore, the intensified attempts to eliminate variola from its last fastnesss were fruitful and led to the run to a successful terminal. The WHA declared smallpox obliteration in 1980 and inoculation activity had stopped in all states by 1984 ( Jezek et al, 1987 ) . Poliomyelitis After the great success of smallpox obliteration, the WHO declared a planetary run against infantile paralysis ( infantile paralysis ) in 1988 ( Hull et al, 2001 ) . Polio is a good campaigner for obliteration due to its disabling effects, particularly in kids. It besides fits the standards of eradicable diseases suggested by Aylward and confederates ( 2000 ) and Miller ( 2006 ) : transmittal occurs merely between worlds and it lacks an animate being reservoir, there is an effectual orally administered infantile paralysis vaccinum, the badness of the disease can be prevented by immunisation and cut downing or halting immunisation will salvage 1000000s of dollars every twelvemonth ; to boot, the strong coaction and support from the Rotary International, UNICEF, WHO, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) and authoritiess has provided wider social and political support. There has been important success after 20 old ages of attempts seeking to eliminate infantile paralysis: 350A 000 infantile paralysis instances and 125 endemic states in 1988 have been reduced to 1997 instances and 4 endemic states by 2006 ( Dutta, 2008 ) . However, polio obliteration has proven to be more hard due to unanticipated factors refering the vaccinum and the last fastnesss of infantile paralysis that seem impossible to level ; as a consequence many people have lost religion in the run and think that effectual control may be a better option ( Roberts, 2006 ) . Beginning and Features The antiquity of infantile paralysis is widely acknowledged and Egyptian rock carvings dated to ca 1500 B.C. picturing a adult male with limb malformations is believed to stand for an early instance of infantile paralysis ( Sass, 1996 ) . Polio ( Nomoto et al, 2002 ) is a paralytic disease caused by poliovirus, which is a genetically unstable RNA virus and belongs to the household of enteroviruses. It has three wild serotypes that are causative of infantile paralysis. In developing states it affects 1 in 200 people, whereas merely in 1 % of instances the virus invades the nervous system and causes palsy ( Nomoto et al, 2002 ) . The victims shed virus with their fecal matters for hebdomads or more after inoculation, therefore, the virus can mouse back and circulate in a community without being detected ( WHO ) . Poliovirus spreads chiefly via oral-faecal transmittal and replicates in the intestine and pharynx ( Roberts, 2004 ) . The disease has the most annihilating consequence in kid s under 5 ( WHO ) . Furthermore, most instances of infantile paralysis have untypical symptoms, which hinder the diagnosing and containment of the disease ( Arita et al, 2006 ) . Due to the low specificity of infantile paralysis symptoms the surveillance mechanisms focal point on acute flaccid palsy ( AFP ) in under 15-year-olds and to corroborate the status stool samples need to be collected and analysed in the lab ( Hull et al, 2001 ) . Due to drawn-out and complicated designation procedure gives the pathogen an chance to re-enter the environment and do new eruptions of infantile paralysis. Vaccines and efficiency Similarly to smallpox, there is no remedy for infantile paralysis and inoculation is the lone manner to forestall the disease ( WHO ) . There are two types of vaccinums available: inactivated infantile paralysis vaccinum ( IPV ) developed by Salk in the 1950s and unwritten infantile paralysis vaccinum ( OPV ) that contains unrecorded virus advanced by Sabin in the sixtiess ; both have advantages and disadvantages ( Hull et al, 2001 ) . OPV is widely used because it provides enteric unsusceptibility, is inexpensive to bring forth, easy to administrate, and spreads from individual to individual confabulating unsusceptibility to unvaccinated persons in propinquity ( Miller, 2006 ) . At least 3 doses of OPV in babies are required for the vaccinum to work ; nevertheless, surveies have shown that 3 unit of ammunitions of OPV provide merely 70-80 % unsusceptibility in some tropical scenes but frequently the vaccinum coverage is low, go forthing many kids unprotected and triping eruptions du e to uneven population unsusceptibility ( Hull et al, 2001 ) . In add-on, the efficiency of vaccinum is dependent on the general wellness state of affairs of the population, which in many developing states is low ; for illustration 10 doses of OPV are deficient against infantile paralysis in some parts of India, whereas merely 2 doses were effectual in Japan ( Dutta, 2008 ) . Children who live in hapless sanitation conditions frequently have chronic diarrhea that undermines inoculation since the medicine leaves the organic structure before it could hold any effects ( Roberts, 2004 ) . A major job with OPV is its heat sensitiveness: infantile paralysis serum needs to be kept below 8 grades Celsius, which can be hard in parts with hot tropical clime and civil perturbation ( Westhead, 2009 ) . This job is being addressed and presently all OPV acquired through UNICEF have thermo-sensors that monitor heat exposure of the vaccinum and let limited usage in the heat without compromising the vaccinum ( Hull et al, 2001 ) . Furthermore, virus strains in OPV can mutate and recover the ability to go around and may do vaccine-associated paralytic infantile paralysis ( VAPP ) , which occurs seldom and has low transmittal rates ( Minor, 2009 ) . Some people with compromised immune-system may cast the vaccinum derived poliovirus ( VDPV ) for old ages, moving as a reservoir for the disease and current medical specialty has no remedy to halt it ( Miller, 2006 ) . Therefore, despite the cost-efficiency ratio of OPV it has some major mistakes that may forestall the accomplishment of obliteration. On the other manus, IPV is administered via injection, doing it expensive to utilize, particularly in developing states ( Miller, 2006 ) . IPV does non do VAPP or VDPV, does non distribute from individual to individual, does non supply enteric unsusceptibility and does non forestall oral-faecal transmittal of the disease ; therefore, IPV requires higher inoculation coverage ( Nomoto et a l, 2002 ) . To turn to the job of VAPP and VDPV it has been suggested to exchange from OPV to IPV, nevertheless, the high cost of IPV makes its usage in developing states unlikely but every bit long as OPV is administered the obliteration of infantile paralysis can non be once and for all confirmed ( Minor, 2009 ) . Attempts and methods to get the better of infantile paralysis First, by 1990s 80 % of kids were vaccinated against 6 diseases supplying high overall unsusceptibility across populations and the feasibleness of eliminating infantile paralysis was demonstrated in different geographic countries across states with different economic position ( Hull et al, 2001 ) . The methods of obliteration were inspired by the success of Pan-American Health Organization programme that eradicated infantile paralysis from the Western hemisphere by 1990 ( Hull et al, 2001 ) . By today US $ 4 billion has been invested in the run and the planetary instances have been reduced by 99 % since 1988 ( Roberts, 2006 ) . An estimated US $ 1.5 billion will be saved every twelvemonth if polio obliteration is finished and inoculations ceased ( Aylward et al, 2000 ) . Hull and confederates ( 2001 ) have summarised the schemes used to eliminate infantile paralysis: First, everyday immunisations that aspire to present 3 OPV doses to babies during their first twelvemonth of life ; se condly, the debut of national immunisation yearss ( NIDs ) quickly boosts the unsusceptibility of under 5-year-olds and must be continued for at least few old ages after the last reported instance ; thirdly, the surveillance marks instances of AFP and sends tool samples for analysis ; and eventually, mopping-up immunisations are intensive house to house hunts that reach the bulk of people at the terminal stages of infantile paralysis run ( Hull et al, 2001 ) . Recent finds allow OPV to aim type-specific poliovirus, either type 1, or 3 ; the usage of monovalent OPV ( mOPV ) may increase the public presentation of vaccinum in contending infantile paralysis in states where the disease has been hard to undertake so far ( Aylward et al, 2006 ) . Poliovirus type 2 had already been wiped out by 1999, converting authoritiess and moneymans that accomplishing obliteration of infantile paralysis is possible ( Roberts, 2006 ) . mOPV aiming type 1 poliovirus has already been efficaciously used i n several parts in Egypt and India ( Aylward et al, 2006 ) . Additionally, leaders of infantile paralysis run have negotiated armistices for immunizing kids in war zones ( Tangermann et al, 2000 ) . The initial end of infantile paralysis run was to halt inoculations after the obliteration has been certified, for this to go on, extra attempts are required: safe containment of poliovirus stocks with intensive surveillance until 3 old ages has passed from the last infantile paralysis instance to measure up for enfranchisement ; and, the concluding measure is the halt of inoculation ( Hull et al, 2001 ) . Post-eradication inoculation should be carried out with IPV to avoid casting of virus and has to make high coverage rates ( Dutta, 2008 ) . The last stairss of infantile paralysis obliteration are debatable and may be impossible to carry through in current political state of affairs. Troubles and reverses In add-on to the antecedently mentioned jobs, polio obliteration run has faced serious reverses that have caused uncertainty in the likeliness of polio obliteration. One of the first licking was the infantile paralysis eruption in Hispaniola in 2000, caused by VDPV while the island had been known to be polio-free for old ages and inoculation rates had dropped below 30 % ( Roberts, 2004 ) . In 2003 infantile paralysis inoculations were ceased in Nigeria because the Muslim leaders feared that the vaccinum was contaminated and would do the population infertile ; as a consequence infantile paralysis spread to more than 18 antecedently polio-free states ( Kluger, 2005 ) . Inoculations were restarted in 2004 after all the trials for taint were negative but by so infantile paralysis instances had skyrocketed and 20 % of kids in Nigeria were left unprotected ( Kluger, 2005 ) .The fact that the virus can be difficult to observe was acknowledged in 2005 when poliovirus had been mutely go aroun ding in Sudan for old ages ( Roberts, 2006 ) . Furthermore, wars challenge polio obliteration because full states are unaccessible, unsafe for wellness workers and inoculations can non be on a regular basis carried out. After the declaration of the World Summit for Children in 1990 yearss of tranquility were introduced in order to to immunize kids in struggle countries and supply them with basic wellness attention ( Tangermann et al, 2000 ) . Besides, since the states affected by struggle normally lack the resources to cover the costs of inoculation, money has to come from external beginnings ( Tangermann et al, 2000 ) . War activity frequently forces 1000s of people leave their place and move to refugee cantonments where conditions for the spread of infective diseases including infantile paralysis are favorable. The mobility of refugees can sabotage the inoculation runs because unvaccinated people may re-introduce the virus into a pathogen free country. Furthermore, the dangers ref ering poliovirus containment must be addressed: the stocks of poliovirus are distributed among legion labs and there is presently no cardinal high-security storage installation ; besides, the little size of poliovirus genome with known sequence can be synthesized in lab and used against susceptible populations by terrorists ( Dove et al, 1997 ) . Even without human intervention the unstable poliovirus could mutate and unite with other enteroviruses in nature ( Arita et al, 2004 ) . Finally, the 4 endemic states India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria are thickly settled, dumbly habituated, have hapless sanitation and many parts that are hard to entree, and therefore, have rendered all attempts to undertake infantile paralysis useless ( Aylward et al, 2006 ) . Even if polio obliteration was to be achieved it is questionable if inoculation will of all time halt in the western universe, particularly after the daze of 9/11 and in the turning menace of biological terrorism ( Roberts, 20 04 ) . Wild Poliovirus.bmp Figure 1. This map illustrates nicely the correlativity between endemic states of poliovirus and states affected by struggle: the bulk of points concentrate around Nigeria, Afghanistan, Pakistan and North India. All these states are affected by ongoing struggles. ( WHO, 2009 ) Criticism of infantile paralysis obliteration run The review of the run is related to the issues refering vaccinum related infantile paralysis instances, troubles of surveillance due to untypical symptoms, perturbation of everyday immunisations caused by struggles and increasing indifference of people due to holds ; many of these facets have been discussed in old subdivisions. I will now look at the more general statements against polio obliteration programme that argue why all hereafter obliteration attempts need reconsidering. One of the chief statements against the run is that obliteration of a individual disease can merely be done at the disbursal of other wellness resources ; even with international aid developing states need to deviate important sum of their ain resources that could be used for supplying other wellness attention services ( Arita et al, 2004 ) . Henderson points out that in developing universe infantile paralysis merely affects 1 in every 200 and putting to deaths 1 in 2000 people, therefore, infantile paralysi s is non every bit large menace in comparing to other infective diseases and would otherwise non be considered a precedence ( Roberts, 2004 ) . Others have suggested that money and attending should be focused on major slayer diseases, such as AIDS and malaria that kill, severally, 3 and 1 million people every twelvemonth ( Kluger, 2005 ) . The initial infantile paralysis obliteration deadline of 2000 was non kept and new deadlines are invariably delayed, the most recent one in 2015 ( Arita et al, 2006 ) . 20-year-old on-going infantile paralysis run causes defeat and deficiency of involvement, utilizing up 1000000s that could be used for increasing the overall wellness position in people populating in developing states instead than seeking to extinguish one of many diseases. The one-year costs to keep infantile paralysis run have increased from circa US $ 350 million to US $ 700 million in 2005 ( Roberts, 2006 ) yet there is a important opportunity that inoculations will non halt af ter obliteration has been certified ( Arita et al, 2004 ) . Finally, the conditions for infantile paralysis obliteration have changed after the obliteration of variola: universe population has increased from 4 billion in 1977 to 6.2 billion today ; and political state of affairs has become more complicated after the terminal of Cold War when two world powers could order their will ( Arita et al, 2006 ) . Reconsidering the hereafter of obliteration does non intend that infective diseases are non worth the money and attempt. As Miller phrases it: â€Å" pick is non between making nil and obliteration but between optimum degree of control and obliteration † ( Miller, 2006 ) . Discussion The purpose of this paragraph is to discourse if effectual disease control could replace any future obliteration attempts, including the on-going infantile paralysis run. The current thought of polio obliteration is based on the success of variola run, nevertheless, Arita and confederates ( 2004 ) argue that eliminating poliovirus in worlds and in the environment is impossible today and suggest redefining the term ‘eradication ‘ so that it would merely embrace the finding of pathogens in worlds. Furthermore, Caplan ( 2009 ) argues that obliteration is hazardous because if obliteration is achieved and all immunisation activity stops so worlds will be left vulnerable to the possible re-emergence of the pathogen. As the Hispaniola incident proves we can ne'er be certain if a virus has gone everlastingly or non. In 2005 the WHO approved the Global Immunization, Vision, and Strategy ( GIVIS ) programme that puts more accent on supplying wellness attention to more people and at tempts to incorporate immunisation with other signifiers of medical service ( Arita et al, 2006 ) . Sceptics argue that the WHO new policy prioritising the development of basic wellness attention installations web may be deadly to polio run due to reduced political involvement and support ( Roberts, 2006 ) . In order to eliminate an infective disease the inoculation coverage has to be high, which leads to another important job. The patients can take non to be vaccinated but by making so they pose a hazard for others and stand in the manner of obliteration ( Caplan, 2009 ) . It will be impossible to deny patients their right to decline from intervention particularly in times when people are more cognizant of the possible effects of vaccinums and their rights to command what will be put in their organic structure ; besides, many will decline from inoculation due to spiritual grounds. Therefore, sing all of the above, it has been suggested that obliteration should be replaced by effect ual disease control ( Arita et al, 2006 ) . Arita and Henderson are the two major oppositions of infantile paralysis obliteration and they believe that the run in its current signifier can non win ; they suggest the incorporation of infantile paralysis vaccinum into everyday immunisation to keep the achievements made so far ( Roberts, 2006 ) . In instance of effectual disease control all steps used to contend infantile paralysis will be maintained until world-wide instances bead below 500 in less than 10 states, after which the accent will be on surveillance and inoculations will be carried out indefinitely ( Arita et al, 2006 ) . Another of import concern is money: infantile paralysis obliteration run needs at least a few more one million millions to finish the undertaking ; nevertheless, the feasibleness of obliteration is unsure ( Arita et al, 2006 ) . The oppositions for infantile paralysis run argue that increasing investings to accomplish the end is worth it and will salvage money in long term ( Chan, 2007 ) . Polio obli teration from the last pockets is expensive if non impossible. However, the betterments made with mOPV vaccinums and concentrated attempts to undertake the last parts where infantile paralysis is endemic can non be ignored. If polio obliteration programme stopped now so money and attempt invested in the run would be lost, besides, exposure to poliovirus at an older age is more unsafe ( Miller, 2006 ) . However, after the infantile paralysis obliteration programme reaches closing any farther programs to eliminate a following disease should be postponed. Smallpox and infantile paralysis runs started off with small cognition about the epidemiology of the disease and uncomplete scheme. No other disease should of all time be considered for obliteration without extended research and thorough analysis. Furthermore, trailing down one disease does non live over the disease load that hinders people in developing states. Investing in improved wide base wellness attention that is accessible to everyone will assist to increase the overall good health in developing states and in the long tally will better the life quality of 1000000s of people. Decision To sum up, it can be said that all future obliteration runs have to be carefully assessed before the start of executing. The epidemiology of a disease that is considered for obliteration plays a cardinal function in the success of any run, together with the handiness of effectual stable vaccinums. The standard of eradicable disease were fulfilled by both variolas and infantile paralysis, nevertheless, merely smallpox run managed to accomplish the end of nothing instances in worlds and devastation of pathogen in the environment. In add-on, in current political clime biological terrorism is regarded as a considerable menace to international security, hence, halting inoculation even after obliteration may non be possible since it would go forth world unprotected against the re-introduction of pathogens. Besides, making an international understanding to get down a undertaking with high committedness may be presently impossible due to the clashing involvements of developing and developed states, yet, political support and support are important for any planetary project. Therefore, at this point effectual disease control alternatively of obliteration may be more executable and cost efficient. Word Count: 4006

A Study on the Impacts of Noise Barrier in Construction Site Communication Essay

Construction industry is a complex and risky of work, the people in construction industry should have a better understanding of the need to practice good communication to ensure the better work quality and performance with a good communication (Vasanthi R.Perumal and Abu Hassan Abu Bakar, 2011). Good communication enables the members of the project for archiving the centre goal where the construction project complete in time with expected budget. In construction industry, communication can be achieved through letters, drawings, symbols, signs, posters, and word for ensure the information able to send and receive by each other. With the good communication, the workers especially in construction site find it easily and greatly productive to work together. Instruction and order are given and they are carried out as expected once they are well understood and acted upon correctly. Hence the communication in construction site shall be in clear, concise, accurate and well-planned. A good communication can enable an organization in better of work quality and performance, and also in decision making. Besides, an organization can achieve a better relationship with each other without any misunderstanding and misconception. So, the organization will be successful in any project without problems arise due to the poor communication. Other than that, good communication will also bring some advantages (Paul, 2008), such as: – Reduce conflict within an organization – Stronger and better relationships between each other – Improve the teamwork of an organization – Stronger controlling and problem-solving – Well coordinated work plan For instances, a good communication can benefit an organization for achieving better work quality and performance. Either in verbal or non verbal, communication should be practice well in an organization to prevent any misunderstanding or misconception occur. Problem Statement According to the BRE guidance on construction site communication (2010), UK construction industry cost at least  £20 billion to repair and reconstruct the incorrect work due to poor communication such as instructions or orders given incorrect, technical information not available and etc. Such defects occur resulted of the workers’ poor workmanship or misunderstood the instruction from site agent. One of the main factors of verbal communication is employment of foreign labour. According to Philida Schellekens & Judith Smith (2004), define that most of the construction project will employ foreign labour as worker due to their low salary. Those foreign labours have their own native language, so they may not able to communicate with site agent and other Malaysian workers. Hence, it finds out that there is language barrier between site agents with foreign labours at construction site. Besides, according to Ravi Jain (2012), mentioned the construction site creates noise through the use of vehicles, construction equipment and power tools. Those noises can affect the verbal communication between the site agents with foreign labours. A negative personality such as impatient, distrust, bad temper, fear (Asma Zaineb, 2010) happen on workers may be a barrier for them to communicate with others either in verbal or non verbal communication. Since construction industries had involved so many workers that came from different country with different education level, different cultural and etc (Nurul Azita Binti Sallet et al, 2012). There will be a huge impact on communication will be occurred with different personalities. Aim and Objectives The aim of the research study is to identify the factors affecting the verbal communication between site agent and foreign labour at construction site. Whereas, the objectives will be the following, – To identify the language barrier between site agent and foreign labour is a factor for verbal communication at construction site – To identify the noise barrier at construction site is a factor for verbal communication at construction site – To identify the personality barrier is a factor for verbal communication at construction site Hypothesis 1. Language barrier between site agent and foreign labour is a factor for verbal communication at construction site 2. Noise barrier at construction site is a factor for verbal communication at construction site 3. Personality barrier is a factor for verbal communication at construction site Scope of Study There are 4 main communication forms which are verbal communication, non-verbal communication, written communication and visual communication (Aarti R, 2011). Communication of information, messages, opinions, speech and thoughts can be made via different forms of modern communication media, like Internet, telephone and mobile. Besides, some of the basic ways of communication are by speaking, eye contact, sign language, body language, touch and singing. †¢ Verbal Communication – Verbal communication includes sounds, words, language and speaking. – Example: face to face communication, telephone, site meeting, etc †¢ Non Verbal Communication – Non-verbal communication involves physical ways of communication, like, tone of the voice, touch, smell and body motion. – Example: Short Message Service (SMS), Email, etc †¢ Written Communication – Written communication form is writing the words which used for communication. Good written communication is essential for business purposes and practiced in many different languages. – Example: Short Message Service (SMS), Email, etc †¢ Visual Communication – Visual communication is visual display of information, like topography, photography, signs, symbols and designs. – Example: Photo, Presentation Slide, etc In this research study, it focuses on verbal communication between two or more people at construction site. For the most part of the communications example, is between a site agent and foreign labour. This research study also will talk about factors that considered as barrier for good communication at construction site. Research Methodology Literature Review For literature review, journal articles and journal review were read up as much as possible to be cited in order to collect the useful data which were proved descriptively. This is a process of reading, analyzing, evaluating, summarizing and gathering information and data from book, article, journal, internet, newspaper, magazine and etc. All information relate to communication in construction site industry will be study and summarize in this research study. Questionnaire Survey A list of questions about the factors affects the verbal communication between site agent and foreign labours in construction site will be distributed to the respondents which are the parties involved in the construction site for more data and information for this research study. Questionnaire was designed in several sections and categories, the construction sites were randomly chosen and distributed in Kuala Lumpur. All the responses will be collected on individual basis and also a simple interview will conduct with respondents in respects of questionnaire earlier distributed. Definition of communication Communication is the interaction between two or above people and the interaction may in various form such as body motion, speaking, tone of the voice, touch and etc (Paul, 2008). It is the process of transmitting and receiving this information. A common objectives hardly to get done in a work place unless people able to share their ideas and information with others in a way to produce a common understanding. A successful communication in the workplace environment is very important. An employer shall create a good working situation which helps to increase the quality of work and increase the ensure quality control while the employee, it allows personal growth and development and contributes to satisfaction on the job. What is verbal communication? All humans need to interact. There are 4 main communication forms which are verbal communication, non-verbal communication, written communication and visual communication (Aarti R, 2011). The most obvious and common form of communication is verbal communication. Verbal communication includes sounds, words, language and speaking and it is one way for people to communicate face to face. According to Beth Lee (2010), verbal communication involves using speech to exchange information with others. It is generally defined as spoken language. Tone, enunciation, pauses, loudness, emphasis, word choice, these can all be used while speaking to enhance the spoken word. As a type of face-to-face communication, body language and different tones play an important role, it may cause greater impact upon the listener than informational content. For an example, a simple phrase like, â€Å"You did a wonderful job† may implicate different meanings and intentions. A genuine and sincere tone may su ggest praise and commendation, but a mocking tone can be offensive and sarcastic.

The Company under Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Company under Study - Essay Example The company under study is a small manufacturing firm, which produces metal bead chains. This company is doing business since early 20’s and is continuing till now. It has not got a huge set up but only 20 machines, having two sets of dies which are capable of manufacturing 7 sizes of chains. The company is using brass, steel and stain-less steel as raw material and has additional facilities like own die production, a computer numerical control machine for production of dies. They also have special machines for packaging of units. The company possesses an experienced production manager with an experience of 18 years. It has also a well experienced technical manage, 3 die makers, 4 setters with 4 helpers.  While carrying out the case study, following problems can be identified, which are related to the firm in one way or the other: Under utilization of production capacity. Machine stoppages due to quality problems which is a result of under maintained machineries. Manufacturing with steel and stainless steel which are harder metals and do not suite to the companies production set up and due to lack of engineering base the life of dies are minimized the repairing of which, takes an hours time by the setters which is surely a time loss. Speed of machines become slowest in making chain sin the largest size in steel and stainless steel. The quality assurance department is handled by the production manager; quality should always be separate from production. Despite of availability of production software, production plans are made by the production manager. The stock of production material is not been taken care of. A huge stock of un-plated chain has accumulated. The manager is using oil in increasing productivity. Application of software’s should be carried out planning of production instead of using past experience know how, all machine should be allocated in volume of order of different sizes of chains. The machines for manufacturing of steel and stainless steel chains should be separated so that the fast production of brass chains does not get hampered. Quality issues should not be handled by a production manager as the production manager is responsible for executing production that is higher number of units per day and making machines reach maximum efficiency. This can make him over look the quality issues that are related to product development. The persons who are responsible for quality management should also take of material in-process.

Financial Accounting and Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Accounting and Report - Essay Example All these ratios have their own specific formulae and they are interpreted by experts by looking at the figures obtained from calculations. The management and the CFOs of large business entities and the users of these statements as well rely heavily on the ratios of a company (Tracy, 2012, p. 14). Net Profit Margins: The gross profit margin ratio shows how much net amount an entity earns on the percentage amount of sales made. This ratio is calculated in percentages and for the given scenario and data, the ratio calculated indicates the fact that the entity has earned sufficient net profits during the previous year. The ratio is sufficient evidence that the company has performed well for earning net profits quite enough for its forth coming years’ operations. Looking at the ratio, the new investors can be expected for making investment in the company as the figures of the ratio will boost their confidence that the company will continue to be performing well. The positive expectations regarding the increase in investors will also benefit the company as the management will look forward to expand the business with further investments for new investors. Current Ratio: Current ratio means the respective currency of current assets the company holds for a single respective unit currency of current liability (Leach, 2010). Or, simply, the number of Euros of current assets available to the company to meet a single euro of current liability. The current ratio for the company is quite favorable as it has 3.7 Euros in current assets to meet a single unit in its current liabilities. Gross profit ratio: The gross profit figure of the company is exactly half of the net sales as shown by the ratio. It is a good sign for the company regards the fact that their cost of sales is very nominal allowing the company to earn a sufficient amount of profit even if other operating expenses are a little higher. Since higher gross profits mostly result in higher net profits, therefore

Marketing among Baseball Players Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Marketing among Baseball Players - Essay Example The first major avenue that baseball players use to market themselves as sporting products is through product endorsements. Usually, players are approached by interested companies and then requested to endorse a certain product. This may be done by displaying the endorsement on television advertisements, on the cover/packaging of that particular product, through posters about the product or other media channels. (Howard, 2007) It should be noted that many baseball players may not be as enthusiastic about endorsement deals as other players in the market. Usually, basketball players, golfers and tennis players are greatly associated with this form of advertising in comparison to base ball players. Despite this low turnout, a few players have exploited this avenue. For instance, a number of magazines such as "Sports Daily" have been targeting sports marketing within the country. They have explained just how some baseball players utilize television advertisement to make themselves known throughout the entire country. The latter magazine has given the name of the following baseball players as some of the most marketable baseball players in the country. They include: The latter player is one of the most respected sports marketers in baseball. ... Nike is well recognized in the process of promoting sports players and in this case baseball players because their products directly target sporting enthusiasts. Additionally, this company is highly successful thus implying that their ability to meet player's prices is quite credible. (Howard, 2007) The latter player (Jeter) has also secured deals with Fleet Bank and Armour Hot Dogs. These two companies indicate just how versatile baseball players are in terms of reaching a wide range of companies. Not only do these players go for endorsements in sports affiliated companies, but they also venture in other types of companies that may have nothing to do with sports such as the food sector or the banking industry. The reason behind such an approach is that baseball players are trying to reach a wide range of audiences through their endeavors. The majority of baseball sponsors actually come from non sport related fields. Additionally, many supporters and fans also come from other sectors of the economy. This is why it is favorable to use this line of thought while marketing oneself. An example of one of the advertisements made by a baseball player was the Visa advertisement of 2004. In this advertisement, Yankees player Jeter is depicted as a baseball player who has wronged his team owner. The latter role was also played by the actual Yankees team owner. In this advertisement, the baseball player is asked just how he manages to go out all night but still play a good game of baseball. In response to this, the baseball player show his visa card and even opts to take the team owner out for a night out. When asked to comment about their use of the baseball player in their advertisement the Visa vice president Madam Silver claimed that the

Sociological Perspectives on Students and Families Essay

Sociological Perspectives on Students and Families - Essay Example The individuals look for its support at precarious state of affairs, and hence remain in strong bondage and constant connection with the family throughout their life. The family is the basic building block of society because it performs important function such as conferring social position and regulating social activity. To most family members the family is a haven in a heartless world. (Macionis, 2007) Before the arrival and advancement of industrialization, there existed the concept of extended family set up, where blood relations including grandparents, parents, real uncles and aunts, and children were considered the part of one family unit. However, rapid industrialization has given birth to the concept of nuclear family structure, where husband, wife and children are regarded as one family unit. Additionally, the individuals have got the way of living together as couples without marriage in modern times, which have popularized the concept of single parenthood in the western soci eties of contemporary world. Child rearing and socialization of the young ones is viewed as the most imperative obligation of a family. Initially, man enters the informal learning process at home while having interaction with parents and siblings.

Child Care Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Child Care - Research Paper Example In such a way, understanding the importance of a manager’s role and the means by which he/she can impact upon the stakeholders in the workforce is an issue of the utmost importance if a further degree of utility is to be expected from a domestic workforce. Luckily, the past several years has noted a dramatic increase with respect to the overall level of scholarship with regards to this particular topic. Special attention has always been on the effect of culture on the interactions between employees and the employer (Adler and Zhu, 2005). Nevertheless, gaps remain on the reasons of the disparities as observed in the relationships between the employee and the employer. This research therefore undertakes an intensive review of the available literature concerning the topic and the finding from the other studies in explaining the motivation of diverse employees within the realm of child-care and/or early education. It is worth noting that manager of a diverse workforce also finds t heir task defined with regards offering training to the employees for the skills and expertise already acquired while previously working. High task readiness implies that the staff are well prepared to attend to tasks as assigned through acquired skills and knowledge while a low task readiness imply that they lack the necessary skills to handle the tasks assigned. It is the hope of this author that such a unit of analysis will be useful in helping the reader to come to a more profound understanding with regards to the approach, best practices, and motivational theories that should be engaged/utilized as a function of seeking to leverage further integration between functional expertise and work flexibility. Introduction One might be tempted to assume that the impact that a given manager may have with regards to the motivation of employees at the local level of education might be rather small. However, this is the opposite of what can be observed. Due to the fact that the cultural dis similarity, that is so oftentimes represented, is primarily impacted upon by the norms and mores of culture that are created as a process of maturity and development in a particular society; this has been deemed by many researchers, including this analysis, to be of the highest importance in helping to constrain and define the term. Although it is true that a host of factors impact upon the level and extent to which individuals within positions of leadership can interact with those under their purview, it is the factor of employee motivation that is of the most specific interest to this particular analysis. Moreover, due to the fact that the topic in and of itself is extraordinarily broad, the research will attempt to approach it from the perspective the way in which work flexibility and the appreciations surrounding diversity can be applied to the many different theories of motivation; theories that have thus far helped to define the way in which managers and leaders integrate with their respective stakeholders within any firm, organization, or institution. Literature review Most opinions are